homeostasis of the organism

Cancer Reducing Tissue Damage

The next explored findings can be made with respect to Cancer Reducing Tissue Damage :

You can notice, recent findings indicate that some cancers are best treated by reducing the 24-hour interval between doses to six to eight hours to enhance the toxic (i.e., poisonous) effects on cancer cells while even preserving an adequate time interval for the retrieval of normal cells.^[1] Toxic, having to do with poison or something harmful to the body (i.e., corpus). Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects.

It’s possible to determine, those that protect the noncancerous tissue from radiation (i.e., radiatio) damage through systemic administration.^[1] Administration is in medicine, the act of giving a treatment, such as a drug, to a patient. It can also refer to the way it is given, the dose, or how often it is given. Systemic, affecting the entire organic structure (i.e., structura). Tissue is a group or layer (i.e., panniculus) of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Radiation, energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space (i.e., spatium), medical (i.e., medicinal, or medicinal) x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable).

One can presume that, the rotating component of this technique (i.e., technic) allows for more specific targeting of the malignant neoplastic disease (i.e., illness, or morbus), sparing normal tissue from damage caused by radiation exposure.^[1]

It looks that, the chance of cancer cannot be reduced by removing proto-oncogenes from the genome, even if this were possible, as they are critical for growth, repair and homeostasis of the organism.^[2] Organism is a living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacteria, or a fungus. Genome is the complete genic material of an organism. Homeostasis is a state of counterbalance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly. In homeostasis, organic structure levels of acid, blood (i.e., haema) pressure, blood sugar, electrolytes, energy, hormones, oxygen, proteins, and temperature are constantly adjusted to react to changes inside and outside the body, to keep them at a normal level. Blood is a tissue with red blood cells, white (i.e., albicans) blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma (i.e., blood plasma). Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes.

One can identify, he stated that the cut should be radical (i.e., free radical) and that all diseased tissue should be removed, which included the use of amputation or the removal of veins running in the charge of the tumor (i.e., neoplasm).^[2] Tumor is an abnormal (i.e., deviant) mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm (i.e., new growth, or tumor). Amputation is the removal by surgery of a arm (arm or leg (i.e., crus)) or other body part because of injury or disease, such as diabetes or cancer.

It might seem apparant that, the goal of radiation therapy (i.e., therapeusis, or therapia) is to damage as many cancer cells as possible, while limiting harm to nearby healthy tissue.^[2] Therapy, treatment. Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external (i.e., externus)-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive (i.e., radio-) material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal (i.e., internus) radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy (i.e., radiation oncology).

One can identify, screening for breast (i.e., mamma, or teat) cancer with mammograms has been shown to slim down the average stage of diagnosis of breast cancer in a population.^[2] Screening, checking for disease when there are no symptoms. Since screening may find diseases at an early stage, there may be a better chance of curing the disease. Examples of cancer screening tests are the mammogram (breast), colonoscopy (i.e., coloscopy) (colon), and the Pap test (i.e., papanicolaou smear test) and Hpv test (cervix (i.e., neck, or cervix of uterus)). Screening can also include checking for a person’s risk of developing an inherited disease by doing a genetic test. Genetic, inherited; having to do with information that is passed from parents to offspring through genes in sperm (i.e., sperm cell, or spermatozoon) and egg cells. Breast cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk (i.e., strip, or lac) to the nipple (i.e., papilla mammae, or mammilla)) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male (i.e., masculine) breast (i.e., mamma masculina, or mamma virilis) cancer is rare. Breast, glandular (i.e., glandulous) organ located on the chest (i.e., pectus). The breast is made up of connective tissue (i.e., interstitial tissue, or supporting tissue), fat (i.e., adipose tissue), and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland (i.e., glandula mammaria, or lactiferous gland). Stage is the extent of a cancer in the body. Staging is usually based on the size of the tumor, whether lymph (i.e., lympha) nodes contain cancer, and whether the cancer has spread from the original site (i.e., situs) to other parts of the body. Diagnosis is the process (i.e., processus) of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms.

Seemingly, a two thousand five secondary prevention study showed that consumption of a plant-based diet and lifestyle changes resulted in a reduction (i.e., repositioning) in malignant neoplastic disease markers in a group of men with prostate (i.e., prostata, or glandula prostatica) cancer who were using no conventional treatments at the time.^[2] Prostate cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system (i.e., genital system) found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men. Reduction is a chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with hydrogen or another reducing substance. Prevention is in medicine, action taken to decrease the chance of getting a disease or condition. For example, cancer prevention includes avoiding risk factors (such as smoking, obesity (i.e., adiposity, or corpulence), lack of exercise, and radiation exposure) and increasing protective factors (such as getting regular physical activity, staying at a healthy weight, and having a healthy diet). Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder, and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen (i.e., seed, or seminal fluid). Diet is the things a person eats and drinks.

One can view (i.e., projection), radiation therapy injures or destroys cells in the area being treated (the target tissue ) by damaging their genetical material, making it impossible for these cells to keep to grow and divide.^[2]

It seems to be, cigarette smoke contains multiple compounds that can damage fit lung (i.e., pulmo) tissue not to mention many of these compounds are known cancer causing agents.^[3] Lung, one of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

It has been discovered that, cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia (i.e., leukocytic sarcoma) where cancer prohibits normal blood).^[4] Leukemia, cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone (i.e., os) marrow (i.e., medulla ossium) and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.

Finally, it would appear apparant that, tissue changes, such as pitting, are apparent.^[5]

Terminology

Neoplasm

An abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease. Neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue, and usually form a distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign (benign tumor) or malignant (cancer)

Mammary gland

the potential and active compound, alveolar, mostly merocrine (with possible apocrine components) milk-secreting gland lying within the breast; it comprises 15??????24 lobes, each consisting of many lobules, separated by adipose tissue and fibrous septa; the parenchyma of the resting postpubertal female gland consists of ducts; the alveoli develop only during pregnancy and remain active until weaning; normally, the gland remains rudimentary (undistinguishable from its childhood state) in men

Lymph

A clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lymphatic vessels (through the lymph nodes), and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation. Lymph consists of a clear liquid portion, varying numbers of white blood cells (chiefly lymphocytes), and a few red blood cells

Bloodstream

The flowing blood as it is encountered in the circulatory system, as distinguished from blood that has been removed from the circulatory system or sequestered in a part; thus, something added to the bloodstream may be expected to become distributed to all parts of the body through which blood is flowing.

React

To take part in or to undergo a chemical reaction.

Crus

Any anatomic structure resembling a leg; usually (in the plural) a pair of diverging bands or elongated masses

Bladder

A distensible musculomembranous organ serving as a receptacle for fluid, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder.

See detrusor

Mammilla

A small rounded elevation resembling the female breast

Reproductive

Relating to reproduction.

Adipose

Denoting fat.

Leukocytic

Pertaining to or characterized by leukocytes

Prostate

A chestnut-shaped body, surrounding the beginning of the urethra in the male, which consists of two lateral lobes connected anteriorly by an isthmus and posteriorly by a middle lobe lying above and between the ejaculatory ducts. Structurally, the prostate consists of 30??????50 compound tubuloalveolar glands among which is abundant stroma consisting of collagen and elastic fibers and many smooth muscle bundles. The secretion of the glands is a milky fluid that is discharged by excretory ducts into the prostatic urethra at the time of the emission of semen

Glandular

Relating to a gland

Animal

A living, sentient organism that has membranous cell walls, requires oxygen and organic foods, and is capable of voluntary movement, as distinguished from a plant or mineral.

One of the lower animal organisms as distinguished from humans.

Genital

Relating to reproduction or generation.

Relating to the primary female or male sex organs or genitals.

Relating to or characterized by genitality.

Diabetes

Either diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus, diseases having in common the triad of symptoms polyuria, weight loss, and significant glucosuria; when used without qualification, refers to diabetes mellitus.

Cervix of uterus

the lower part of the uterus extending from the isthmus of the uterus into the vagina. It is divided into supravaginal and vaginal parts by its passage through the vaginal wall

Genome

A complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent, the haploid number of a gamete.

The total gene complement of a set of chromosomes found in higher life forms (the haploid set in a eukaryotic cell), or the functionally similar but simpler linear arrangements found in bacteria and viruses.

Radioisotope

An isotope that changes to a more stable state by emitting radiation.

Tissue

A collection of similar cells and the intercellular substances surrounding them. There are four basic kinds of tissue in the body epithelium; connective tissues including adipose tissue, blood, bone, and cartilage; muscle tissue; and nerve tissue.

Systemic

Relating to a system; specifically somatic, relating to the entire organism as distinguished from any of its individual parts.

Monoclonal

In immunochemistry, pertaining to a protein from a single clone of cells, all molecules of which are the same; in the case of Bence Jones protein, the chains are all ???? or ????.

Uterus

The hollow muscular organ in which the ootid is developed into the embryo and fetus; it is about 7.5-cm long in a nonpregnant woman; consists of a main portion (body) with an elongated lower part (cervix), at the extremity of which is the opening (external os). The upper rounded portion of the uterus, opposite the os, is the fundus, at each extremity of which is the horn marking the part where the uterine tube joins the uterus and through which the morula reaches the uterine cavity after leaving the uterine tube. The organ is passively supported in the pelvic cavity by the vagina and paracolpium and by the anteflexion and anteversion of the normal uterus, which places its mass superior to the bladder; it is actively supported by the tonic and phasic contraction of the muscles of the pelvic floor

Medulla

Any soft marrowlike structure, especially in the center of a part

Adiposity

Excessive accumulation of lipids in a site or organ

Smear

A thin specimen for examination; it is usually prepared by spreading material uniformly onto a glass slide, fixing it, and staining it before examination.

Papanicolaou

George N., Greek-U.S. physician, anatomist, and cytologist, 1883??????1962.

See Pap smear, Pap test, Papanicolaou examination, Papanicolaou smear, Papanicolaou smear test, Papanicolaou stain

Seminal

Relating to semen.

Original or influential of future developments.

Toxic

Pertaining to a toxin

Leukemia

Progressive proliferation of abnormal leukocytes found in hemopoietic tissues, other organs, and usually in the blood in increased numbers. Leukemia is classified by the dominant cell type, and by duration from onset to death. This occurs in acute leukemia within a few months in most cases, and is associated with acute symptoms including severe anemia, hemorrhages, and slight enlargement of lymph nodes or the spleen. The duration of chronic leukemia exceeds one year, with a gradual onset of symptoms of anemia or marked enlargement of spleen, liver, or lymph nodes

Rectum

The terminal portion of the digestive tube, extending from the rectosigmoid junction to the anal canal (perineal flexure).

Gamma rays

electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive substances; they are high-energy x-rays but originate from the nucleus rather than the orbital shell and are not deflected by a magnet.

Bacteria

Plural of bacterium.

Neck

Part of body by which the head is connected to the trunk, it extends from the base of the cranium to the top of the shoulders.

In anatomy, any constricted portion having a fancied resemblance to the neck of an animal.

The germinative portion of an adult tapeworm, that develops the segments or proglottids; the region of cestode segmentation behind the scolex

Cervix

Any necklike structure

Oncology

The study or science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biologic properties and features of neoplasms, including causation, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Papilla

Any small, nipplelike process

Sperm

The male gamete or sex cell that contains the genetic information to be transmitted by the male, exhibits autokinesia, and is able to effect zygosis with an oocyte. The human sperm is composed of a head and a tail, the tail being divisible into a neck, a middle piece, a principal piece, and an end piece; the head, 4??????6 mcm in length, is a broadly oval, flattened body containing the nucleus; the tail is about 55 mcm in length

Neoplastic

Pertaining to or characterized by neoplasia, or containing a neoplasm.

Mammary

Relating to the breasts.

Goal

In psychology, any object or objective that an organism seeks to attain or achieve.

Radiation therapy

treatment with x-rays or radionuclides.

See radiation oncology

Homeostasis

The state of equilibrium (balance between opposing pressures) in the body with respect to various functions and to the chemical compositions of the fluids and tissues.

The processes through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

Medicinal

Relating to medicine having curative properties

Fungus

A general term used to encompass the diverse morphologic forms of yeasts and molds. Originally classified as primitive plants without chlorophyll, the fungi are placed in the kingdom Fungi and some in the kingdom Protista, along with the algae (all but the blue-green algae), the protozoa, and the slime molds. Fungi share with bacteria the important ability to break down complex organic substances of almost every type (cellulose) and are essential to the recycling of carbon and other elements in the cycle of life. Fungi are important as foods and to the fermentation process in the development of substances of industrial and medical importance, including alcohol, the antibiotics, other drugs, and foods. Relatively few types of fungus are pathogenic for humans, whereas most plant diseases are caused by fungi.

Semen

The penile ejaculate; a thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid containing sperms; a mixture produced by secretions of the testes, seminal glands, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Cosmic rays

high-velocity particles of enormous energies, bombarding earth from outer space; the ??????primary radiation?????? consists of protons and more complex atomic nuclei that, on striking the atmosphere, give rise to neutrons, mesons, and other less energetic ??????secondary radiation.??????

Masculine

Relating to or marked by the characteristics of the male sex or gender

Gamma

Third letter of the Greek alphabet, ????.

A unit of magnetic field intensity equal to 10??????9 T.

Act

Abbreviation for activated clotting time.

Free radical

a radical in its (usually transient) uncombined state; an atom or atom group carrying an unpaired electron and no charge; e.g., hydroxyl and methyl Free radicals may be involved as short-lived, highly active intermediates in various reactions in living tissue, notably in photosynthesis. The free radical nitric oxide, NO????, plays an important role in vasodilation

Medicine

A drug.

The art of preventing or curing disease; the science concerned with disease in all its relations.

The study and treatment of general diseases or those affecting the internal parts of the body, especially those not usually requiring surgical intervention.

Radiation

radiophobia.

Malignant

occurring in severe form, and frequently fatal; tending to become worse and leading to an ingravescent course.

In reference to a neoplasm, having the property of locally invasive and destructive growth and metastasis.

Hpv

Abbreviation for human papillomavirus.

Benign

Denoting the mild character of an illness or the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm.

Pitting

In dentistry, the formation of well defined, relatively deep depressions in a surface, usually used in describing defects in surfaces (often golds, solder joints, or amalgam). It may arise from a variety of causes, although the clinical occurrence is often associated with corrosion.

Lung

One of a pair of viscera occupying the pulmonary cavities of the thorax, the organs of respiration in which blood is aerated. In humans, the right lung is slightly larger than the left and is divided into three lobes (an upper, a middle, and a lower or basal), whereas the left has but two lobes (an upper and a lower or basal). Each lung is irregularly conic, presenting a blunt upper extremity (the apex), a concave base following the curve of the diaphragm, an outer convex surface (costal surface), a generally concave inner or medial surface (mediastinal surface), a thin and sharp anterior border, and a rounded posterior border

Cut

molecular biology a hydrolytic cleavage of two opposing phosphodiester bonds in a double-stranded nucleic acid.

To sever or divide.

To separate into fractions.

An informal term for a fraction.

Organism

Any living individual, whether plant or animal, considered as a whole.

Interstitial

Relating to spaces or interstices in any structure.

Relating to spaces within a tissue or organ, but excluding such spaces as body cavities or potential space.

Pap

Acronym for peroxidase antiperoxidase complex. Abbreviation for 3??????-phosphoadenosine 5??????-phosphate.

See PAP technique

Irradiation

The subjective enlargement of a bright object seen against a dark background.

Exposure to the action of electromagnetic radiation (heat, light, x-rays).

The spreading of nervous impulses from one area in the brain or cord, or from a tract, to another tract.

Genetic

Pertaining to genetics; genetical.

Targeting

The process of having proteins contain certain signals such that the proteins are directed specifically towards certain cellular locations, the lysosome.

Medical

Relating to medicine or the practice of medicine

Amputation

The severing of a limb or part of a limb, the breast, or other projecting part.

In dentistry, removal of the root of a tooth, or of the pulp, or of a nerve root or ganglion; a modifying adjective is therefore used (pulp amputation; root amputation).

Radioactive

Possessing radioactivity

Tumor

Any swelling or tumefaction.

One of the four signs of inflammation (t., calor, dolor, rubor) enunciated by Celsus

Secondary prevention

interruption of any disease process before the emergence of recognized signs or diagnostic findings of the disorder.

Staging

The determination or classification of distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease or pathologic process.

The determination of the specific extent of a disease process in an individual patient.

Curing

The act of accomplishing a cure.

A process by which something is prepared for use, as by heating, aging, etc.

Lactiferous

Yielding milk.

Radical

In chemistry, a group of elements or atoms usually passing intact from one compound to another, but usually incapable of prolonged existence in a free state (methyl, CH₃); in chemical formulas, a radical is often distinguished by being enclosed in parentheses or brackets.

Thorough or extensive; relating or directed to the extirpation of the root or cause of a morbid process; a radical operation.

Denoting treatment by extreme, drastic, or innovative, as opposed to conservative, measures.

A functional group in a molecule or molecular entity

Interval

A time or space between two periods or objects; a break in continuity.

Urethra

The canal leading from the bladder, discharging the urine externally.

Dioxide

A molecule containing two atoms of oxygen, carbon dioxide, CO₂.

Colonoscopy

Visual examination of the inner surface of the colon by means of a colonoscope

Connective tissue

the physical or functional supporting tissue of the animal body, a major constituent of which (in addition to various kinds of cells) is an extracellular matrix of ground substance, protein fibers, and structural glycoproteins; it is derived from the mesenchyme, which in turn is derived mainly from mesoderm; the many kinds of connective tissue may be classified according to cell-matrix proportion (loose vs. dense), arrangement of fibers (regular dense vs. irregular dense), fiber type (collagenous, elastic), embedded cell type (adipose, lymphoid, hemopoietic), degree of differentiation (mesenchymal, mucous), location (subcutaneous, periosteal, perichondrial), appearance (areolar, granulation), or nature of matrix (cartilaginous, osseous, or, in the cases of blood and lymph, liquid)

Sarcoma

A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells.

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