February 14, 2013 by iniskantor

Cancer-complex Disease

Cancer Slide 2 Cancer-complex Disease

Cancer Slide 2 Cancer-complex (i.e., sequence) Disease (i.e., illness, or morbus)

Regarding pancreatic cancer, we could point (i.e., punctum) out the following appropriate things. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal (i.e., deviant) cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body (i.e., corpus) through the blood (i.e., haema) and lymph (i.e., lympha) systems. There are several main (i.e., hand) types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin (i.e., cutis) or in tissues that line (i.e., linea) or cover internal (i.e., internus) organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone (i.e., os), cartilage (i.e., cartilago, or chondrus), fat (i.e., adipose tissue), muscle (i.e., musculus, or see musculus), blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia (i.e., leukocytic sarcoma) is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow (i.e., medulla ossium), and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma (i.e., multiple myelomatosis, or myelomatosis multiplex) are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system (i.e., systema nervosum) cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal (i.e., rachial, or rachidial) cord (i.e., fasciculus, or funiculus). Also called malignancy. Pancreatic, having to do with the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the pancreas. Pancreas is a glandular (i.e., glandulous) organ located in the abdomen (i.e., venter). It makes pancreatic juices, which check enzymes that aid in digestion, and it produces several hormones, including insulin. The pancreas is surrounded by the abdomen, intestines, and other organs. Malignant, cancerous. Malignant cells can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Also called exocrine (i.e., eccrine) cancer.

One can believe that, in certain malignant neoplastic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms oftentimes do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage.^[2] Stage is the extent of a cancer in the body. Staging is usually based on the size of the tumor (i.e., neoplasm),
whether lymph nodes contain cancer, and whether the cancer has spread from the
original site (i.e., situs) to other parts of the body.
It’s apparent that, Pancreatic Cancer Slideshow Symptoms, Stages, Prognosis, Causes, and Treatments.^[3]
For example, pancreatic cancer is called a silent disease because symptoms typically perform not present in the ahead of time stages.^[3]
It would appear that, unfortunately, with pancreatic cancer, the malignant cells usually have spread past the pancreas at the point of diagnosis.^[3] Diagnosis is the
process (i.e., processus) of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its
signs and symptoms.

Moreover, we are able to make the following findings regarding Cancer Slide 2 Cancer-complex Disease :

Seemingly, because genes come in pairs (one inherited from each parent), an inherited flaw in one copy will not lead to malignant neoplastic disease because the other normal copy is still functional.^[1] Inherited,
transmitted through genes that have been passed from parents to their
offspring (children).
One can view (i.e., projection), slide thirty four Bacteria and Stomach (i.e., gaster, or ventriculus) Cancer.^[1]
It seems to be, slide two Unlike Kinds of Cancer can be found here.^[1]
It has been discovered that, slide thirty two Examples of Human Cancer Viruses is here.^[1]
It would appear apparant that, slide thirty six Genetic
endowment Can Affect Many Types of Cancer is discussed here.^[1]
It seems that, slide twelve Ahead of time Cancer May Not Have Any Symptoms can be located here.^[1]
Seemingly, included in this category are viruses implicated in cervical (i.e., cervicalis) malignant neoplastic disease, liver (i.e., hepar) malignant neoplastic disease, and certain lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas.^[1] Liver is a large organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids (i.e., acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in digestion by secreting bile (i.e., gall). Cervical, relating to the neck (i.e., cervix (i.e., neck, or cervix of uterus), or collum), or to the neck of any organ or structure (i.e., structura). Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck. Cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower (i.e., inferior, or lower tubercle), narrow end (the neck ) of the uterus (i.e., metra, or womb).
Seemingly, contact your health concern provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.^[2]
It’s possible to believe that, symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer.^[2]
Seemingly, cancerous cells are also called malignant cells.^[2]
It is clear that, some cancers may not have any symptoms at all.^[2]
Finally, it’s possible to assume that, the surgery would involve procedures to facilitate lessen some of the symptoms and prevent certain problems related to the size of the cancerous masses.^[3] Mass is in medicine, a swelling in the organic structure. It may be caused by the abnormal growth of cells, a vesicle (i.e., vesicula), hormonal changes, or an immune response. A mass may be benign (not malignant neoplastic disease) or malignant (cancer). Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair a part of
the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation.

Terminology

Hormonal

Pertaining to hormones.

Neoplasm

An abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease. Neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue, and usually form a distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign (benign tumor) or malignant (cancer)

Lymph

A clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lymphatic vessels (through the lymph nodes), and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation. Lymph consists of a clear liquid portion, varying numbers of white blood cells (chiefly lymphocytes), and a few red blood cells

Slide

A rectangular glass plate on which an object to be examined under the microscope is placed.

Myelomatosis

A disease characterized by the occurrence of myeloma in various sites.

Exocrine

Denoting glandular secretion delivered onto the body
surface.
Denoting a gland that secretes outwardly through
excretory ducts

Spinal

Relating to any spine or spinous process.
Relating to the vertebral column

Nervous system

the entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part (the brain and spinal cord) and a peripheral part (the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, plexuses and peripheral nerves)

Adipose

Denoting fat.

Leukocytic

Pertaining to or characterized by leukocytes

Insulin

A polypeptide hormone, secreted by ???? cells in the islets of Langerhans, which promotes glucose use, protein synthesis, and the formation and storage of neutral lipids; available in various preparations including genetically engineered human insulin, which is currently favored. Insulin is used parenterally in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Gaster

Prominent part of wasp or ant abdomen, separated from the other body parts by a thin connecting segment

Immune system

an intricate complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components that provides a defense, the immune response, against foreign organisms or substances and aberrant native cells.

Glandular

Relating to a gland

Tubercle

A nodule, especially in an anatomic, not pathologic,
sense.
A circumscribed, rounded, solid elevation on the
skin, mucous membrane, surface of an organ, or the surface of a bone, the
latter giving attachment to a muscle or ligament.
dentistry a small elevation arising on the surface of
a tooth.
A granulomatous lesion due to infection by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although somewhat variable in size (0.5??????3 mm
in diameter) and in the proportions of various histologic components,
tubercle’s tend to be fairly well circumscribed, spheroid, firm lesions that
usually consist of three irregularly outlined but moderately distinct zones 1)
an inner focus of necrosis, coagulative at first, which then becomes caseous;
2) a middle zone that consists of a fairly dense accumulation of large
mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages), frequently arranged somewhat radially
(with reference to the necrotic material) resembling an epithelium, and hence
termed epithelioid cells; multinucleated giant cells of Langhans type may also
be present; and 3) an outer zone of numerous lymphocytes, and a few monocytes
and plasma cells. In instances in which healing has begun, a fourth zone of
fibrous tissue may form at the periphery. Morphologically indistinguishable
lesions may occur in diseases caused by other agents; many observers use the
term nonspecifically, with reference to any such granuloma; other clinicians
use tubercle only for tuberculous lesions, and then designate those of
undetermined causes as epithelioid-cell granulomas

Cervix of uterus

the lower part of the uterus extending from the isthmus of the uterus into the vagina. It is divided into supravaginal and vaginal parts by its passage through the vaginal wall

Brain

That part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium.

Uterus

The hollow muscular organ in which the ootid is developed into the embryo and fetus; it is about 7.5-cm long in a nonpregnant woman; consists of a main portion (body) with an elongated lower part (cervix), at the extremity of which is the opening (external os). The upper rounded portion of the uterus, opposite the os, is the fundus, at each extremity of which is the horn marking the part where the uterine tube joins the uterus and through which the morula reaches the uterine cavity after leaving the uterine tube. The organ is passively supported in the pelvic cavity by the vagina and paracolpium and by the anteflexion and anteversion of the normal uterus, which places its mass superior to the bladder; it is actively supported by the tonic and phasic contraction of the muscles of the pelvic floor

Bile

Yellowish-brown or green fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum, where it aids in the emulsification of fats, increases peristalsis, and retards putrefaction; contains sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, cholesterol, biliverdin, bilirubin, mucus, fat, lecithin, and cells and cellular debris

Medulla

Any soft marrowlike structure, especially in the center of a part

Cartilage

A connective tissue characterized by its nonvascularity and firm consistency; consists of cells (chondrocytes), an interstitial matrix of fibers (collagen), and ground substance (proteoglycans). There are three kinds of cartilage hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Nonvascular, resilient, flexible connective tissue found primarily in joints, the walls of the thorax, and tubular structures (larynx, air passages, and ears); makes up most of the skeleton in early fetal life, but is slowly replaced by bone. For a gross anatomic description, see cartilago and its subentries

Immune response

any response of the immune system to an antigen
including antibody production and/or cell-mediated immunity;
the response of the immune system to an antigen
(immunogen) that leads to the condition of induced sensitivity; the immune
response to the initial antigenic exposure (primary immune response) is
detectable, as a rule, only after a lag period of from several days to 2
weeks; the immune response to a subsequent stimulus (secondary immune
response) by the same antigen is more rapid than in the case of the primary
immune response.

Sequence

The succession, or following, of one thing, process,
or event after another; in dysmorphology, a pattern of multiple anomalies
derived from a single known or presumed prior anomaly or mechanical factor.
The imposition of a paricular order on a number of
items

Syndrome

The aggregate of symptoms and signs associated with any morbid process, together constituting the picture of the disease.

Leukemia

Progressive proliferation of abnormal leukocytes found in hemopoietic tissues, other organs, and usually in the blood in increased numbers. Leukemia is classified by the dominant cell type, and by duration from onset to death. This occurs in acute leukemia within a few months in most cases, and is associated with acute symptoms including severe anemia, hemorrhages, and slight enlargement of lymph nodes or the spleen. The duration of chronic leukemia exceeds one year, with a gradual onset of symptoms of anemia or marked enlargement of spleen, liver, or lymph nodes

Bacteria

Plural of bacterium.

Neck

Part of body by which the head is connected to the
trunk, it extends from the base of the cranium to the top of the shoulders.
In anatomy, any constricted portion having a fancied
resemblance to the neck of an animal.
The germinative portion of an adult tapeworm, that
develops the segments or proglottids; the region of cestode segmentation
behind the scolex

Cervix

Any necklike structure

Punctum

The tip or end of a sharp process.
A minute round spot differing in color or otherwise
in appearance from the surrounding tissues.
A point on the optic axis of an optic system

Myeloma

A tumor composed of cells derived from hemopoietic
tissues of the bone marrow.
A plasma cell tumor.

Neoplastic

Pertaining to or characterized by neoplasia, or containing a neoplasm.

Venter

One of the great cavities of the body.
The uterus

Abdomen

The part of the trunk that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. The abdomen does not include the vertebral region posteriorly but is considered by some anatomists to include the pelvis (abdominopelvic cavity). It includes the greater part of the abdominal cavity (cavitas abdominis [TA]) and is divided by arbitrary planes into nine regions

Bone marrow

the soft, pulpy tissue filling the medullary cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells; it differs in consistency by age and location

Malignancy

The property or condition of being malignant.

Immunodeficiency

A condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism; may be primary (due to a defect in the immune mechanism itself) or secondary (dependent on another disease process), specific (due to a defect in either the B-lymphocyte or the T-lymphocyte system, or both) or nonspecific (due to a defect in one or another component of the nonspecific immune mechanism the complement, properdin, or phagocytic system)

Gall

An excoriation or erosion

Lymphoma

Any neoplasm of lymphoid or reticuloendothelial tissues; in general use, synonymous with malignant lymphoma; present as apparently solid tumors composed of cells that appear primitive or resemble lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes. Lymphomas appear most frequently in the lymph nodes, spleen, or other normal sites of lymphoreticular cells; may invade other organs or manifest as leukemia. Lymphomas are now classified by histology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic analysis, according to cell of orgin (B or T cells) and degree of maturation. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms is based on the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification and effectively replaces older schemes such as the Working Formulation and Rappaport classification, which were based solely on morphology.

Ventriculus

The enlarged posterior portion of the mesenteron of the insect alimentary canal, in which digestion occurs

Cancerous

Relating to or pertaining to a malignant neoplasm, or being afflicted with such a process.

Liver

The largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium and upper part of the epigastric region; it is of irregular shape and weighs from 1??????2 kg, or about one fortieth the weight of the body. As an exocrine gland, it secretes bile; it initially receives most absorbed nutrients through the portal vein; it detoxifies drugs and many exogeneous substances and is also of great importance in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism; also stores glycogen

Medicine

A drug.
The art of preventing or curing disease; the science
concerned with disease in all its relations.
The study and treatment of general diseases or those
affecting the internal parts of the body, especially those not usually
requiring surgical intervention.

Malignant

occurring in severe form, and frequently fatal;
tending to become worse and leading to an ingravescent course.
In reference to a neoplasm, having the property of
locally invasive and destructive growth and metastasis.

Benign

Denoting the mild character of an illness or the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm.

Cervical

Relating to a neck, or cervix, in any sense

Genetic

Pertaining to genetics; genetical.

Uterine

Relating to the uterus.

Chondrus

The plant Chondrus crispus, Fucus crispus, or Gigartina mamillosa (family Gigartinaceae); a demulcent in chronic and intestinal disorders

Pancreas

An elongated lobulated retroperitoneal gland, devoid of a distinct capsule, extending from the concavity of the duodenum to the spleen; it consists of a flattened head within the duodenal concavity, a neck connecting the head and body, an elongated three-sided body extending transversely across the abdomen, and a tail in contact with the spleen. The gland secretes from its exocrine part pancreatic juice that is discharged into the intestine, and from its endocrine part the internal secretions insulin and glucagon.

Tumor

Any swelling or tumefaction.
One of the four signs of inflammation (t., calor,
dolor, rubor) enunciated by Celsus

Staging

The determination or classification of distinct
phases or periods in the course of a disease or pathologic process.
The determination of the specific extent of a disease
process in an individual patient.

Nervous

Relating to a nerve or the nerves.
Easily excited or agitated; suffering from mental or
emotional instability; tense or anxious.
Formerly, denoting a temperament characterized by
excessive mental and physical alertness, rapid pulse, excitability, often
volubility, but not always fixity of purpose.

Vesicle

A small bladder or bladderlike structure.
A small ( less than 1.0 cm in diameter),
circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid.
A small sac containing liquid or gas.
A closed structure surrounded by a single
membrane.
In fungi, the swollen apex of the conidiophore in
Aspergillus and some Penicillium species, or the swollen apex of the
sporangiophore in some zygomycetous species

Eccrine

Denoting the flow of sweat from skin glands unconnected to hair follicles

Complex

An organized constellation of feelings, thoughts,
perceptions, and memories that may be in part unconscious and may strongly
influence associations and attitudes.
In jungian psychology, a personification of an
archetype from the collective unconscious, residing in the personal
unconscious.
chemistry the relatively stable combination of two or
more compounds into a larger molecule without covalent binding.
A composite of chemical or immunologic structures.
A structural anatomic entity made up of three or more
interrelated parts.
In electroencephalography, a recognizable series of
waveforms that typically recur at intervals.
An informal term used to denote a group of individual
structures known or believed to be related anatomically, embryologically, or
physiologically

Sarcoma

A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells.

Related Material

February 12, 2013 by iniskantor

Symptoms Bladder Cancer

There shouldn’t be question regarding the particular relevancy associated with bladder on cancer, and symptoms cancer. Cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal (i.e., deviant) cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body (i.e., corpus) through the blood (i.e., haema) and lymph (i.e., lympha) systems. There are several main (i.e., hand) types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin (i.e., cutis) or in tissues that line (i.e., linea) or cover internal (i.e., internus) organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone (i.e., os), cartilage (i.e., cartilago, or chondrus), fat (i.e., adipose tissue), muscle (i.e., musculus, or see musculus), blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia (i.e., leukocytic sarcoma) is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow (i.e., medulla ossium), and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma (i.e., multiple myelomatosis, or myelomatosis multiplex) are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system (i.e., systema nervosum) cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal (i.e., rachial, or rachidial) cord (i.e., fasciculus, or funiculus). Also called malignancy. Bladder is the organ that stores urine. Regarding cancer we could identify bladder, and symptoms bladder to be essential (i.e., intrinsic). It can be pointed out that symptom is actually in a big way influenced by bladder cancer, and know. Bladder cancer, cancer that forms in tissues of the vesica (i.e., urinary bladder) (the organ that stores urine). Urine, fluid containing water (i.e., aromatic water) and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. Kidney, one of a pair of organs in the abdomen (i.e., venter). The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that unremarkably make up the inner lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous (i.e., scaly) cell carcinoma (malignant neoplastic disease that begins in thin, flat cells) and glandular (i.e., glandulous) carcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (i.e., glandular cancer, or glandular carcinoma (i.e., adenocarcinoma)) develop in the inner lining of the vesica as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation.

You can find a minimum of nine things relevant to bladder cancer. They’re the following:

It would seem apparant that, knowing the symptoms of bladder cancer and acting quickly at the first sign of a possible problem are effective ways to keep a lookout for this hard-to-diagnose disease.^[1]
It would seem apparant that, other symptoms of vesica cancer, such as fatigue, weight loss, and deficiency of appetite (i.e., orexia) are not usually present until the late stages of bladder cancer.^[2] Fatigue is a condition marked by extreme tiredness and unfitness to function due lack of energy. Fatigue may be acute or chronic. Appetite is a desire to satisfy a physical or
mental (i.e., genial, or genian) need, such as for food, sex, or adventure.
It would seem apparant that, the initial signs and symptoms of bladder cancer are often mistaken for those of a urinary tract (i.e., tractus) infection or kidney stone (i.e., calculus).^[2] Urinary tract is the organs of the body that bring forth and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, vesica, and urethra. Infection, invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can spread throughout the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever (i.e., febris, or pyrexia) and other problems, depending on where the infection occurs. When the body’s natural defense system is strong, it can often fight the germs and prevent infection. Some cancer treatments can weaken the natural defense system. Urinary, having to do
with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine.
It’s possible to recognize, in this article we will be discussing the most common signs and symptoms of bladder cancer, as well as the causes and risks.^[4]
One can assume that, the most important thing for you is to know the signs and symptoms of bladder malignant neoplastic disease and report them to your medico immediately.^[5]
One can notice, changes in the frequency of a normal pattern of urination (i.e., miction, or micturition) and the sudden and urgent urge to void are symptoms of bladder cancer.^[6]
You can notice, blood in the urine, painfulness during urination, frequent urination, and lower (i.e., inferior, or lower tubercle) back pain are possible symptoms of bladder cancer.^[7] Blood is a tissue
with red blood cells, white (i.e., albicans) blood cells, platelets, and other
substances suspended in fluid called plasma (i.e., blood plasma). Blood takes
oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes.
One can believe that, because incontinence (i.e., incontinentia) is one of its symptoms, vesica cancer should be ruled out if bladder control is a problem.^[8] Incontinence, inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escapism of stool (i.e., evacuation) from the rectum (fecal incontinence (i.e., incontinence of feces)).
One can presume that, normally, signs and symptoms of vesica malignant neoplastic disease are not evident during the diseases early stages.^[9]

Symptoms Bladder Cancer relevant discoveries consist of, but are not limited by:

For instance, others symptoms are discussed here.^[2]
Finally, it’s that, blood in your urine (hematuria) is by far the most common symptom of vesica cancer, occurring in more than eighty percent of patients.^[3] Hematuria, blood
in the urine.

It should be pointed out that with regard to Symptoms Bladder Cancer, bladder cancer has a large degree of relevancy.

Terminology

Lymph

Fatigue

That state, following a period of mental or bodily
activity, characterized by a lessened capacity or motivation for work and
reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of
weariness, sleepiness, irritability, or loss of ambition; may also supervene
when, from any cause, energy expenditure outstrips restorative processes and
may be confined to a single organ.
Sensation of boredom and lassitude due to absence of
stimulation, monotony, or lack of interest in one’s surroundings.

Inflammation

A fundamental pathologic process consisting of a dynamic complex of histologically apparent cytologic changes, cellular infiltration, and mediator release that occurs in the affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic agent, including the local reactions and resulting morphologic changes; the destruction or removal of the injurious material; and the responses that lead to repair and healing. The so-called cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor, redness; calor, heat (or warmth); tumor, swelling; and dolor, pain; a fifth sign, functio laesa, inhibited or lost function, is sometimes added. All these signs may be observed in certain instances, but none is necessarily always present.

Bladder

A distensible musculomembranous organ serving as a
receptacle for fluid, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder.
See detrusor

Deficiency

An insufficient quantity of some substance (as in dietary deficiency or hemoglobin deficiency in marrow aplasia), organization (as in mental deficiency), activity (as in enzyme deficiency or reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood), etc., of which the amount present is of normal quality.

Myelomatosis

A disease characterized by the occurrence of myeloma in various sites.

Spinal

Relating to any spine or spinous process.
Relating to the vertebral column

Nervous system

the entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part (the brain and spinal cord) and a peripheral part (the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, plexuses and peripheral nerves)

Adipose

Denoting fat.

Leukocytic

Pertaining to or characterized by leukocytes

Void

To evacuate urine or feces.

Squamous cell

a flat scalelike epithelial cell.

Immune system

an intricate complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components that provides a defense, the immune response, against foreign organisms or substances and aberrant native cells.

Glandular

Relating to a gland

Incontinence of feces

the involuntary voiding of feces into clothing or bedclothes, usually due to pathology affecting sphincter control or loss of cognitive functions

Tubercle

A nodule, especially in an anatomic, not pathologic,
sense.
A circumscribed, rounded, solid elevation on the
skin, mucous membrane, surface of an organ, or the surface of a bone, the
latter giving attachment to a muscle or ligament.
dentistry a small elevation arising on the surface of
a tooth.
A granulomatous lesion due to infection by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although somewhat variable in size (0.5??????3 mm
in diameter) and in the proportions of various histologic components,
tubercle’s tend to be fairly well circumscribed, spheroid, firm lesions that
usually consist of three irregularly outlined but moderately distinct zones 1)
an inner focus of necrosis, coagulative at first, which then becomes caseous;
2) a middle zone that consists of a fairly dense accumulation of large
mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages), frequently arranged somewhat radially
(with reference to the necrotic material) resembling an epithelium, and hence
termed epithelioid cells; multinucleated giant cells of Langhans type may also
be present; and 3) an outer zone of numerous lymphocytes, and a few monocytes
and plasma cells. In instances in which healing has begun, a fourth zone of
fibrous tissue may form at the periphery. Morphologically indistinguishable
lesions may occur in diseases caused by other agents; many observers use the
term nonspecifically, with reference to any such granuloma; other clinicians
use tubercle only for tuberculous lesions, and then designate those of
undetermined causes as epithelioid-cell granulomas

Fungi

A kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that grow in irregular masses, without roots, stems, or leaves, and are devoid of chlorophyll or other pigments capable of photosynthesis. Each organism (thallus) is unicellular to filamentous, and possesses branched somatic structures (hyphae) surrounded by cell walls containing glucan or chitin or both, and containing true nuclei. They reproduce sexually or asexually (spore formation), and may obtain nutrition from other living organisms as parasites or from dead organic matter as saprobes (saprophytes).

Brain

That part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium.

Vesica

Any hollow structure or sac, normal or pathologic, containing a serous fluid

Medulla

Any soft marrowlike structure, especially in the center of a part

Cartilage

Infection

Invasion of the body with organisms that have the potential to cause disease.

Incontinence

Inability to prevent the discharge of any of the
excretions, especially of urine or feces.
Lack of restraint of the appetites, especially
sexual

Leukemia

Rectum

The terminal portion of the digestive tube, extending from the rectosigmoid junction to the anal canal (perineal flexure).

Bacteria

Plural of bacterium.

Urinary tract

the passage from the pelvis of the kidney to the urinary meatus through the ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Myeloma

A tumor composed of cells derived from hemopoietic
tissues of the bone marrow.
A plasma cell tumor.

Neoplastic

Pertaining to or characterized by neoplasia, or containing a neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma

A malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells with a glandular or glandlike pattern

Venter

One of the great cavities of the body.
The uterus

Abdomen

Bone marrow

the soft, pulpy tissue filling the medullary cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells; it differs in consistency by age and location

Urination

The passing of urine

Malignancy

The property or condition of being malignant.

Chronic

Referring to a health-related state, lasting a long
time.
Referring to exposure, prolonged or long-term,
sometimes meaning also low intensity.
The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics
defines a chronic condition as one persisting 3 months or longer.

Stone

A British unit of weight for the human body, equal to 14 pounds

Cancer

cancerophobia, carcinophobia.

Orexia

The affective and conative aspects of an act, in contrast to the cognitive aspect

Lymphoma

Calculus

A concretion formed in any part of the body, most commonly in the passages of the biliary and urinary tracts; usually composed of salts of inorganic or organic acids, or of other material such as cholesterol

Germs

microphobia.

Transitional cell

any cell thought to represent a phase of development from one form to another.

Micturition

The desire to urinate.
Frequency of urination

Flow

To bleed from the uterus less profusely than in
flooding.
The menstrual discharge.
Movement of a liquid or gas; specifically, the volume
of liquid or gas passing a given point per unit of time. In respiratory
physiology, the symbol for gas flow is V and for blood flow is Q, followed by
subscripts denoting location and chemical species.
In rheology, a permanent deformation of a body that
proceeds with time.

Urine

The fluid and dissolved substances excreted by the kidney.

Hematuria

Presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.

Malignant

occurring in severe form, and frequently fatal;
tending to become worse and leading to an ingravescent course.
In reference to a neoplasm, having the property of
locally invasive and destructive growth and metastasis.

Urinary

Relating to urine.

Chondrus

The plant Chondrus crispus, Fucus crispus, or Gigartina mamillosa (family Gigartinaceae); a demulcent in chronic and intestinal disorders

Transitional

Relating to or marked by a transition; transitory.

Fecal

Relating to feces.

Squamous

Relating to or covered with scales

Feces

The matter discharged from the bowel during defecation, consisting of the undigested residue of food, epithelium, intestinal mucus, bacteria, and waste material

Nervous

Relating to a nerve or the nerves.
Easily excited or agitated; suffering from mental or
emotional instability; tense or anxious.
Formerly, denoting a temperament characterized by
excessive mental and physical alertness, rapid pulse, excitability, often
volubility, but not always fixity of purpose.

Mucus

The clear viscid secretion of the mucous membranes, consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes, and various inorganic salts dissolved in water.

Urethra

The canal leading from the bladder, discharging the urine externally.

Sarcoma

A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells.